Introduction of Internet and WWW
Introduction
The Internet is the globel system interconeccted cmputer network that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to link devices worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of private, public, academic, business and goverment networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad arry of electronic, wireless and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries a vast range of information resources and services, such as tha inter-linked hypertext documents and applications of the World Wide Web (WWW), electronic mail, telephony and file sharing.
Computer Networks
Networking is a technique which is used to make personal computer to multi user behavior. although the computers having single user multi tasking operating system or network operating system (NOS). By sharing resources and peripheral devices more than one user can work at a single resource or device.
Communication Process
The communication process is a dynamic framework that describes how a message travels between a under and receivering varicocecodes the message correctly and can provide feedback with ease and speed.
Sender: The person who conceptualised the idea and wants it delivered to the recipient.
Encoding: The way the information is described or translated into a message.
Message: The idea factor plus the sender ETCS to communicate.
Communication channel: The method of delivering the message.
Receiver: The person who receive the message.
Decoding: The interpretation of the message.
Feedback: The response or action a receiver tales after decoding a message.
Types of Network
Network Based on Size: There are kind of networks divided on the basis of size like Network Based on Size: There we kind of tea Network and the network which serves ente globe is known as Wide Area Network.
Basically Network is divided into three parts according to the size…..
1. LAN (Local Area Network)
2. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
3. VAN (Wide Area Network)
Local Area Networks (LAN)
A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory or office building. A LAN is a network of connected devices that exist within a specific location. LANs may be found in homes, offices, educational institution, or other areas.
Advantage of LAN
1. Resource Sharing: LAN provides resource sharing such as computer resources like printers, scanners, modems, DVD-ROM drives, and hard disks can be shared within the connected devices. This reduces cost and hardware purchases.
2. Software Applications Sharing: In a Local Area Network, it is easy to use the same software in a number of computers connected to a network instead of purchasing the separately licensed software for each client a network.
3. Easy and Cheap Communication: Data and messages can easily be shared with the other computer connected to the network.
4. Centralized Data: The data of all network users can be stored on a hard diskばる central/server computer. This help users to use any computer in a network to st
required data.
5. Data Security: Since data is stored on the server computer, it will be easy to manage de only one place and the data will be more secure too.
6. Internet Sharing: Local Area Network provides the facility to share a single internet conner among all the LAN users. In school labs and internet Cafes, single internet connection is provide internet to all connected computers.
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a network that interconnects users with computer resources in a geographic area or region larger than that covered byrconnecarge local area network (LAN) but smaller than the area covered by a wide area network (WAN). Large universities also sometimes use the term to describe their networks. A recent trend is the installation of wireless MANs.
Advantages of MAN
1. Less Expensive: It is less expensive to attach MAN with WAN Network. MAN gives you good efficiency of data. All data on MAN is easily manageable in a centralized way.
2. Sending Local Emails: You can send local emails fast and free on MAN.
3. High Speed than WAN: The speed of data can easily reach 1000 Mbps, as MAN uses fiber optics. Files and database transfer rates are fast.
4. Sharing of the Internet:
With the installation of MANs, users can share their internet connection. In this way, multiple users can get the same high-speed internet.
5. Conversion of LAN to MAN is Easy: MAN is a combination of two or more LAN network. So it is a faster way to connect two LAN networks together.
6. High Security: MAN’s has a high-security level than WAN.
Wide Area Network (WAN)
The network which is spread over the globe and covers entire world, is facilitated to a computer by Internet Service Providers. It is biggest network across the world in that each computer is connected and share or access the data and information. This very network is used all the way now-a-days for e.g.
Advantages of WAN
2. Like LAN, it allows sharing of resources and application softwares among distributed workstations or users.
3. The software files are shared among all the users. Hence all will have access to latest files. This avoids use of previous versions by them.
4. Organizations can form their global integrated network through WAN. Moreover it supports global markets and global businesses.
5. The emergence of loT (Internet of Things) and advanced wireless technologies such as LAN or LAN-Advanced have made it easy for the growth of WAN based devices. Messages can be sent very quickly across the globe with the help of applications such as whatsApp, facebook messenger etc.
Diffrence between LAN, MAN and WAN
Network devices or networking hardware
Network devices, or networking hardware, are physical devices that are required for communication interaction between hardware on a computer necal device that are red for computer network. There are following types of network desices or networking hardware.
Hub
The network hub is one kind of networking device in a computer network, used to communicate with various network hosts and also for data transferring. The transferring of data in a computer network can be done in the form of packets.
Whenever the data processing can be done from a host to a network hub, then the data can transmit to ports xdentify the data path which leads to efficiencies & wastage. Because of this working. a network hub cannot be so secure. In addition, copying the data packets on all the ports will make the hub slower which leads to the utilize of the network switch.
Switch
Switches generally have a more intelligent role than hubs. A switch is a multiport device that improves network efficiency. The switch maintains limited routing information about nodes in the Internal network, and it allows connections to systems like hubs or routers.
Similar to a hub, this is also working at the layer in the LAN and a switch is more clever compare with a hub. As the hub is used for data transferring, whereas a switch is used for filtering & forwarding the data. So this is the more clever technique to deal with the data packets.
Whenever a data packet is obtained from the interfaces in the switch, then the data packet can be filtered & transmits to the interface of the proposed receiver. Due to this reason, a switch maintains a content addressable memory table to maintain system configuration as well as memory. This table is also named as FIB (forwarding information base) otherwise forwarding table.
Router
A network router is one kind of network device in a computer network and it is used for routing traffic from one network to another. These two networks could be private to a public company network. For example, here a router is considered as traffic police at the junction, he directs dissimilar traffic networks to dissimilar directions.
A router is a device like a switch that routes data packets based on their IP addresses. The router is mainly a Network Layer device. Routers normally connect LANs and WANs together and have a dynamically updating routing table based on which they make decisions on routing the data pacem Router divide broadcast domains of hosts connected through it.
Repeater
This is the one type of network device that functions at the OSI physical layer where it amplifies or regenerates the incoming signal before transmission. Repeaters are used in the networking components to enhance the coverage area so these are turned signal boosters.
A network router is one kind of network device in a computer network and it is used for routing traffic from one network to another. These two networks could be private to a public company network. For example, here a router is considered as traffic police at the junction, he directs dissimilar traffic networks to dissimilar directions.
Modem
IF we notice the internet connection to homes was given with the help of a wire. then wire carries Internet data from one place to another. But, every computer gives digital or binary data in the form of zeros & ones. The full form of the modem is a modulator and a demodulator. So it modulates as well as demodulates the signal among the computer and a telephone line because the computer generates digital data whereas the telephone line generates an analog signal.
Modems are used for the transmission of digital signals over telephone lines which are analog in type. So, digital signals are transformed by the modem into analog signals of various frequencies and broadcasted to a modem at the delivery location. Modems work on both the Physical and Data Link layers.
Ethernet
Ethernet is primarily a transmits and receives data through cables. This facilitates network communication between more different types of network cables such as from copper to fiber optic and vice versa. Ethers network is used to create local area network and connect multiple computers or other devices as printers, scanners, and so on.
Cat5
Alternatively known as an Ethernet cable or LAN cable, a Cat 5 or category 5 is a network cable consists of four twisted pairs of copper wire terminated by an RJ-45 connector. Cat 5 cable is uses home and business networks, providing data transmission speeds of up to 100 Mbps. The maxi recommended length of a Cat 5 cable is 100 meters. Exceeding this length without the aid of a brig or other network device could cause network issues, including data packet loss and transmission speed degradation. Cat 5 is also used to carry other signals such as telephone and A Cat 5 cable contains 8 wires and has a specific wire order. If the wires are in a different order, cable does not work.
Network Media (Transmission Media)
Transmission media is a communication channel that carries the information from the sender receiver through the electromagnetic signals. There are several types of transmission media as choice of the right media depends on many factors such as cost of transmission media, efficien data transmission and the transfer rate,
aithairnait (eetharanet)
Aithairnait is primarily a transmits and raichaiivais dat through chablais. this fachilitatais naitwork chommunichation baitwaiain morai diffairaint typais of naitwork chablais suchh as from choppair to fibair optich and vichai vairs. aithairs naitwork is usaid to chraiatai lochal arai naitwork and chonnaicht multiplai chomputairs or othair daivichais as printairs, schannairs, and so on..
eetharanet mukhasamen ek taidaee kamyoonikeshan protokol hai jisaka upayog lovaal eriya netavark banaane haim se deta prasaarit aur praapt karaata hai. yah do ya do se adhik kambalon jaise tab se phaibar optik aur isake vipareet ke beech netavark sanchaar kee suvidha pradaan karata hai. ka upayog lokal eriya netavark banaane aur kaee kampyootar ya any upakaranon jaise printar svanar aadiko ne kiya jaata hai.
chat5
ltairnativaily known as an aithairnait chablai or lan chablai, a chat 5 or chataigory 5 is a naitwork chablai chonsists of four twistaid pairs of choppair wirai tairminataid by an rj-45 chonnaichtor. chat 5 chablai is usais homai and businaiss naitworks, providing dat transmission spaiaids of up to 100 mbps. thai maxi raichommaindaid laingth of a chat 5 chablai is 100 maitairs. aixchaiaiding this laingth without thai aid of a brig or othair naitwork daivichai chould chausai naitwork issuais, inchluding dat pachkait loss and transmission spaiaid daigradation. chat 5 is also usaid to charry othair signals suchh as tailaiphonai and a chat 5 chablai chontains 8 wirais and has a spaichifich wirai ordair. if thai wirais arai in a diffairaint ordair, chablai doais not work.
vaikalpik roop se eetharanet kambal ya jain kambal ke roop mein jaana jaata hai, kait 5 ya kaitegaree 5 ek netavark ban taambe ke taar ke dhaar mude huye jode hote hai jisake ant mein rj-45 kanektar hota hai. kait 5 kebal ka upayog pare vyaavasaayik netavark mein kiya jaata hai. jee 100 emabeepeees tak kee deta traansamishan speed pradaan karata hai. phait 6 adhikatam anushaasit lambaee 100 meetar hai. brij ya any netavark divais kee sahaayata ke bina isakee legy ko paar deta paiket haani aur beta traansamishan gati mein giraavat sahit netavark sambandhee samasyaen ho sakatee hai. kait 5 ka upayog signal jaise teleephon aur veediyo ko le jaane ke lie bhee kiya jaata hai. ek phait 5 kebal mein voyar hote hain au ek vishisht kram mein voyar hota hai. yadi voyar ek alag kram mein hain, to kambal kaam nahin karatee hai.
