Introduction of Computer

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important point

A computer is an electronic device that processes data using a set of instructions.
It comprises components like CPU, memory, storage, input, and output devices.
Software includes operating systems and applications.
The operating system manages hardware and provides services to software.
Computers have evolved through generations, from vacuum tubes to microprocessors.
Types include supercomputers, mainframes, minicomputers, and personal computers.
Networking allows computers to share resources and communicate.
The internet is a global network of interconnected computers.
Computers are integral to industries like healthcare, education, finance, etc.
Emerging technologies like quantum computing and AI are shaping the future.

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Introduction of Computer System

1 / 30

By what name is the connection between the micro process memory and other parts of the microcomputer known?
माइक्रो कम्प्यूटर के माइक्रो प्रोसेस memory और अन्य भाग के बीच जुडाब किस नाम से जाना जाता है ?

Address bus

All of these

Path

Root

2 / 30

Which of the following is an example of an input device?
निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा इनपुट डिवाइस का उदाहरण है?

MICR

Monitor

Printer

3 / 30

The quality of a printer depends on how many.......................... are used to print the image?
प्रिण्टर की गुणवत्ता इस पर निर्भर करती है कि इमेज को प्रिण्ट करने में कितने ..... प्रयुक्त होते हैं?

Colour

Paper

Pixel

DPI

4 / 30

___is the function used to match multiple values and returns the first match in Windows/ MAC(if you have Office 2019, or if you have a Microsoft 365 subscription)
___यह फ़ंक्शन एकाधिक मानों का मिलान करने के लिए उपयोग किया जाता है और विंडोज़/मैक में पहला मिलान लौटाता है (यदि आपके पास Office 2019 है, या यदि आपके पास Microsoft 365 सदस्यता है)

SWITCH()

IFS()

IF()

IIF()

5 / 30

Shortcut to open start menu is
स्टार्ट मेन्यू को खोलने का शॉर्टकट है

Window logo + M

Window logo + @

Window logo + F

Window logo

6 / 30

The process of trading goods on the Internet is known as ——.
इन्टरनेट पर व्यापारिक वस्तुओ की प्रक्रिया को ——- रूप में जाना जाता है

E-finance

E-business

E-commerce

E – Selling – An Big

7 / 30

Which of the following devices can be used to input printed text?
मुद्रित पाठ को इनपुट करने के लिए निम्नलिखित में से किस उपकरण का उपयोग किया जा सकता है?

OCR

MICR

All of these

OMR

8 / 30

What is a firewall in the context of computer security?
कंप्यूटर सुरक्षा के संदर्भ में फ़ायरवॉल क्या है?

A type of computer virus

A software program that protects a network from unauthorized access

A physical barrier around the computer

9 / 30

Which type of software allows users to create and edit documents?
किस प्रकार का सॉफ़्टवेयर उपयोगकर्ताओं को दस्तावेज़ बनाने और संपादित करने की अनुमति देता है?

Spreadsheet software

Graphics software

Word processing software

10 / 30

With respect to electronic devices, PDA stand for-
इलेक्ट्रॉनिक उपकरणों के संबंध में, पीडीए का अर्थ है

Public Dynamic Assistant

Personal Digital Assistant

Public Digital Assistant

Personal Dynamic Assistant

11 / 30

What is a Computer?
कम्प्यूटर क्या है?

A device that processes data to produce information

A mechanical device for lifting heavy objects

A machine that can perform calculations

A tool for communication

12 / 30

The stored Program concept was introdused by ........................ ?
संग्रहित प्रोग्राम अवधारणा ...................... द्वारा प्रस्तुत की गई थी?

John

Donald Knuth

Alan Turing

Bill gates

13 / 30

Which computer component stores instructions that can be executed by the CPU?
कौन सा कंप्यूटर घटक उन निर्देशों को संग्रहीत करता है जिन्हें सीपीयू द्वारा निष्पादित किया जा सकता है?

RAM

ROM

Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

14 / 30

Which of the following is the largest unit of storage
निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सी स्टोरेज की सबसे बड़ी यूनिट है?

15 / 30

Where is the date and time available on the desktop?
तारीख और समय डेस्कटॉप पर कहा उपलब्ध होता है

My computer

Keyboard

Task bar

Recycle bin

16 / 30

Which one these stores more data than a DVD?
इनमें से किसमें डीवीडी से अधिक डाटा स्टोर होता है?

Flopy Disk

CD ROM

Red Ray Disk

Blu-Ray-Disk

17 / 30

Which of the following memories allows simults-neous read and writes operations?
निम्नलिखित में से कौन सी मेमोरी एक साथ पढ़ने और लिखने के संचालन की अनुमति देती है?

ROM

EPROM

None of these

RAM

18 / 30

The java is a programming language.
जावा एक की प्रोग्रामिंग भाषा है।

First Generation

Low Level

High Level

Second Generation

19 / 30

What do Excel formulas start with?
एक्सेल सूत्र किससे प्रारंभ होते हैं?

20 / 30

What is the function of a motherboard in a computer?
कंप्यूटर में मदरबोर्ड का क्या कार्य है?

It prints documents

It houses the CPU and memory

It displays images on the screen

21 / 30

Which one is a example of 5th Generation of Computer.

कौन सा कंप्यूटर की 5वीं पीढ़ी का उदाहरण है

None Of Above

IBM 1401

PIM/M

ICL 2950

22 / 30

Data or Introduction used to run a computer is called
कंप्यूटर को चलाने के लिए उपयोग किया जाने वाला डेटा या परिचय कहलाता है।

Hardware

Software

Peripheral

(d) CPU

23 / 30

Type of device that allows a user to add components and capabilities to a computer system?
डिवाइस का प्रकार जो एक कंप्यूटर सिस्टम में उपयोगकर्ता को कम्पोनेंट्स और क्षमताओं को जोड़ने के लिए अनुमति देता है ?

Expansion slot

Input device

Storage device

System board

24 / 30

Reusable optical storage will typically have acronym
पुनः यूजेबल ऑप्टिकल स्टोरेज आमतौर पर संक्षिप्त नाम होम

DVD

ROM

25 / 30

Which type of memory is non-volatile and retains data even when the computer is powered off?
किस प्रकार की मेमोरी गैर-वाष्पशील होती है और कंप्यूटर बंद होने पर भी डेटा बरकरार रखती है?

Cache memory

ROM

RAM

26 / 30

What is the full form of URL?
यूआरएल का फुल फॉर्म क्या है?

Uniform Resource Locator

Universal Resource Locator

Uniform Resource Link

27 / 30

A set of instructions for a computer to perform a task is called _
कंप्यूटर को कार्य करने के लिए निर्देशों के एक सेट को ___ कहा जाता है

Program

Compiler

Mentor

Instructor

28 / 30

Which of the following is an example of an output device?
निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा आउटपुट डिवाइस का उदाहरण है?

Printer

Mouse

Scanner

29 / 30

Which of the following is used for calculation work?
गणना कार्य के लिए निम्न में किसका प्रयोग होता है ?

Monitor

ALU

30 / 30

_____ is not a valid data type in MS Excel.
एमएस एक्सेल में _____ मान्य डेटा प्रकार नहीं है।

Label

Number

Date/ Time

Character

Your score is

The average score is 65%

Exit

Introduction of Computer

A computer is an Electronic device that reads data and processes to perform tasks. It’s made up of physical parts e.g. a CPU, monitor, keyboard, memory, storage, etc. There is much software also installed in it to provide instructions to the computer hardware.
Computers are basic devices for modern life and are also necessary for a wide range of industries.

Types of computer

There are two bases on which we can define the types of computers. We will discuss the type of computers on the basis of size and data handling capabilities

Computers are mainly categorized into three types

Analog Computers
Digital Computers
Hybrid Computers

1. Analog Computer

Analog computers calculate continuous data using physical qualities such as voltage and current, making them perfect for analytical-based exercises, engineering, and control systems.
Here are some of the examples –

2. Digital Computer

A digital computer processes separate information by calculating with binary digits (0s and 1s) and is commonly utilized in modern computing for a wide range of activities requiring accuracy and flexibility.

The Microcomputer
Mini Computer
mainframe computer
The Supercomputer

2.1 The Micro Computer

A microcomputer is a complete computer of a small size, designed to be used by one person at a time. A microcomputer is generally known as a personal computer (PC), It is based on a single-chip microprocessor.
Examples of Microcomputer –

2.2 Mini Computer

A Mini computer is a multi-user computer smaller in size than a mainframe, designed to be used by many people at the same time. Usually, it’s used in small offices and computer labs where all the terminals are connected to a single CPU.
Examples of Minicomputers are – CII Mitra 15, IBM midrange computers, Hewlett-Packard HP 3000 series and HP 2100 series etc.

2.3 Mainframe Computer

Mainframe computers are high-performance computers that can process billions of transactions at a time, A lot of devices can connect with these types of computers for tasks that require reliability, speed, and security. Mainly used for bulk data processing, Large-scale transaction processing, and managing large organizations.
Examples of Mainframe computers are – IBM z16, IBM System z9, HITAC S-3800

2.4 Super Computer

The Supercomputer is exceptional in terms of performance. Supercomputers operate at extremely high speeds relative to all other computers. They are the most advanced & fastest computers for handling large databases and performing resource-intensive calculations, that general-purpose computers can’t handle. usually, they are used for Nuclear fusion, Weather forecasting, Space programs, etc.
Note – India’s first supercomputer is PARAM 8000.
Examples of Supercomputers – Frontier, PARAM 8000, CDC 6600, IBM 7030, etc.

3. Hybrid Computer

A hybrid computer combines analog and digital computer abilities collecting continuous data through analog components and performing complicated calculations through digital components, making it suitable for specific scientific and commercial uses.
Here are some of the examples of Hybrid Computers –

Charecterstics of computers

Speed

A computer works with much higher speed and accuracy compared to humans while performing mathematical calculations. Computers can process millions (1,000,000) of instructions per second.
Accuracy

Computers perform calculations with 100% accuracy. Errors may occur due to data inconsistency or inaccuracy.
Diligence

A computer can perform millions of tasks or calculations with the same consistency and accuracy. It doesn’t feel any fatigue or lack of concentration.
Versatility

Versatility refers to the capability of a computer to perform different kinds of works with same accuracy and efficiency.
Reliability

A computer is reliable as it gives consistent result for similar set of data i.e., if we give same set of input any number of times, we will get the same result.
Automation

Computer performs all the tasks automatically i.e. it performs tasks without manual intervention.
Memory

A computer has built-in memory called primary memory where it stores data. Secondary storage are removable devices such as CDs, pen drives, etc., which are also used to store data.

Computer and Latest IT Gadgets

The new age is full of gadgets that always help humans for a better life, gadgets can be used for business, communication, entertainment, and other purposes.
The latest IT items, such as modern smartphones, tablets, wearable technology, virtual reality devices, and smart home technologies, make everyday life easier.

Evolution of computer and its application

Computers have changed from as big mechanical devices to small but powerful devices. PCs made them smaller, and the internet connected across the world. Today, computers are used mostly in science, banking, health care, and entertainment. Because of the ways in which AI, IoT, and technology have changed daily life, technology is now important.

Generation of computer

Based on the level of technical development, the evolution of modern computers has been divided into multiple periods known as computer generations.

#	Generation	Duration	Switching Techniqus	Language
1	First Generation	1945 - 1956	Vacuum Tube	Machine Language
2	Second Generation	1956 - 1965	Transistor	Assembly
3	Third Generation	1965 - 1976	Integrated Circuits (ICs)	High Level Language such as COBOL, C, C++, JAVA
4	Fourth Generation	1971 - 1989	Microprocessor	Low Level Language such as Python, Java Script, PHP
5	Fifth Generation	1989 - Present	Artificial Intelligence	Knowledge Information Processing System

Hardware

computer hardware is “any physical parts or components that contribute to a computer system” such as CPU, storage devices, input/output devices (keyboard, mouse, monitor), and any other physical parts that contribute to the computer’s operation and performance, are referred to as hardware.

There are two types of Hardware

1. Internal Hardware

Parts which are installed inside the case of a computer, Internal hardware components are essential to the operation of a computer. such as RAM, Processor, SMPS, Mother board etc.

#	Name	Details
1	SMPS	Switched-mode power supply is an electronic power supply that convert electrical power efficiently.
2	CPU	Central Processing Unit is responsible for all performance and events in computer it is also called brain of computer.
3	GPU	Graphics processing unit, a specialized processor originally designed to accelerate graphics rendering for gameplay
4	RAM	Random access memory is short term memory used by CPU for processing
5	Hard Disk	Hard Disk is a secondary type of memory for storing files in computer.
6	Mother Board	A motherboard is the main printed circuit board (PCB) in a computer. its backbone connectivity point, through which all components and external peripherals connect.

2. External Hardware

Hardware that is used outside the case of a computer, usually known as peripheral devices some of them are used for input some for output. such as a Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor, etc.

#	Name	Details
1	Keyboard	Most common input device for typing and writing in computer. it have many different types of keys e.g. number, alphabets, function & operational keys.
2	Mouse	It is a pointing device for point in screen. user can provide the instruction easily on non-touchable device with mouse.
3	Printer	Printer are used to producing output on a hard copy, there many types of printer in terms of printing quality sandpaper size such as Laser printer, Plotter, inkjet Printer etc.
4	Monitor	Most common output device where we can see all the information which are working on the computer.
5	Webcam	A camera for a computer can be used for video conferencing, video recording etc.
6	Speaker	Spiker is an output device for sound which you can process sounds e.g. plying music

Software

When the user only connects with software, the software offers understanding to the device. It is a collection of computer data and instructions. It is divided into two categories: System Software, which provides the computer’s important non-task-specific functions, and Application Software, which is used by users to do specific tasks.

Some Types Of Software:

Application Software
System Software
Utility Software
Mobile Apps
Open Source and Proprietary Software

1. Application Software

A computer program that helps users to perform specific work is known as application software. this software is used for production, creativity, or communication. application software is also known as End-user software or productivity applications.
Examples – MS Word, Teams, Google Chrome, Video Editor, etc.

2. System Software

System software tracks and cares for computer hardware so that other programs can run properly. System software manages is works as a coordinator between the user and hardware. Operating systems like Windows, macros, and Linux are examples of System Software’s.
Example – Microsoft Windows, Linux, Android, Device Drivers.

3. Utility Software

It gives a number of system service and preservation tools like antivirus software to protect against dangers, disc cleaners to clear up storage space, and backup software to save important files.
Example- Disk Clean up, Firewall, Network, System Diagnosis.

4. Mobile Apps

A mobile app is a software program made mainly for smartphones, tablets, or other mobile devices. It offers a variety of tools and services that help users complete tasks, collect data, play games, and communicate. Google Play or the Apple App Store are generally used to download and install mobile apps.
Examples- Digi Locker, My Gov Umang App Arogya Setu App.

5. Open Source Software

Open Source Software (OSS) is software that makes its source code available to the public and allows users to study, modify, and distribute it openly. Proprietary Software is free to use but source code is not available to the public.
Example – LibraCalc, LibraWritter, VLC, Linux, Mozilla Firefox

Central Processing Unit

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the main part of a computer which is responsible for doing calculations and receiving instructions. It works like the “brain” of the computer. it collects data from memory and controls the other parts. The speed and performance of the CPU play an important role in a computer’s performance.

A CPU has three parts:

Arithmetic Logic Unit
Central Unit
Memory Unit

1. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

Does addition, subtraction, multiplication, and comparison calculations, in addition to many other logical calculations.

2. Central Unit (CU)

Controls the flow of instructions by collecting them from memory, processing them, and arranging data transfer both within and outside the CPU.

3. Memory Unit (MU)

The storage device maintains its data even when the power is switched off. It includes magnetic hard drives, flash memory SSDs, optical drives (CD/DVD), USB drives, memory cards, and magnetic tapes. HDDs, flash memory SSDs, optical drives (CD/DVD), USB drives, memory cards, and magnetic tapes are all examples of hard disc drives.

Input Devices

Input devices provide data and instructions to computers. Examples include keyboards for typing, mouse for pointing and clicking, touchscreens for finger input, scanners for document digitalization, and microphones for voice instructions.

Output Devices

On output devices, the user receives processed data. Other examples of output devices include projectors for larger presentations, audio speakers, printers for hard copies, headphones for private sound, and graphical monitors.

Introduction of Computer

Introduction of Computer

Types of computer

1. Analog Computer

Speedometer

Thermometer

Voltmeter

Seismograph

2. Digital Computer

2.1 The Micro Computer

Desktop

Mobile

Laptop

Gaming Console

2.2 Mini Computer

2.3 Mainframe Computer

2.4 Super Computer

3. Hybrid Computer

Pump

ECG Machine

CT Scan

Ultra Sound Machine

Charecterstics of computers

Speed

Accuracy

Diligence

Versatility

Reliability

Automation

Memory

Computer and Latest IT Gadgets

Evolution of computer and its application

Generation of computer

Hardware

1. Internal Hardware

2. External Hardware

Software

Some Types Of Software:

1. Application Software

2. System Software

3. Utility Software

4. Mobile Apps

5. Open Source Software

Central Processing Unit

1. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

2. Central Unit (CU)

3. Memory Unit (MU)

Input Devices

Output Devices

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