Ubuntu Operating System

CCC chapters

important point

A computer is an electronic device that processes data using a set of instructions.
It comprises components like CPU, memory, storage, input, and output devices.
Software includes operating systems and applications.
The operating system manages hardware and provides services to software.
Computers have evolved through generations, from vacuum tubes to microprocessors.
Types include supercomputers, mainframes, minicomputers, and personal computers.
Networking allows computers to share resources and communicate.
The internet is a global network of interconnected computers.
Computers are integral to industries like healthcare, education, finance, etc.
Emerging technologies like quantum computing and AI are shaping the future.

Test your learning

Operating System

1 / 30

How can an application on desktop run?
डेस्कटॉप पर उपलब्ध एक एप्लीकेशन को किस विकल्प के द्वारा चलाया जा सकता है?

Pressing enter key after selecting the icon

All of the above

Select open after right click

Double clicking on its shortcut

2 / 30

Which of the following is an example of a mobile operating system?
निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा मोबाइल ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम का उदाहरण है?

iOS

Ubuntu

Linux

3 / 30

What is the role of a device driver in an operating system?
किसी ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम में डिवाइस ड्राइवर की क्या भूमिका होती है?

It manages the hardware components.

It provides a graphical user interface.

4 / 30

To switch between programs in windows.................... keys are used
विण्डोज में खुले हुए प्रोग्राम्स के बीच में अदला-बदली के लिए का प्रयोग होता है।

Alt + Tab

Ctrl + Tab

Shift + Tab

Shift + Alt

5 / 30

Operating system is used in
ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम का प्रयोग ......................... में होता है।

Microwave oven

Smart card

ATM card

Computer system

6 / 30

Windows 10 was launched in which year?
विण्डोज 10 को किस वर्ष लॉन्च किया गया था?

2014

2015

2012

2013

7 / 30

What does GUI stand for in the context of an operating system?
ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम के संदर्भ में GUI का क्या अर्थ है?

General Utility Interface

Graphical User Interface

Graphic Utility Integration

8 / 30

Which of the following is not a layer of the operating system?
निम्नलिखित में से कौन सी ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम की एक परत नहीं है?

Compiler

Kernel

Device Drivers

9 / 30

A ............is used to store related data, whereas a is used to store files and subfolders.
सम्बन्धित डाटा को स्टोर करने के लिए एक का उपयोग किया जाता है, जबकि का प्रयोग फाइलों और सबफोल्डर्स को स्टोर करने के लिए किया जाता है।

buffer, file

folder, file

disk, file

file, folder

10 / 30

Which of the following is freeware ? (Important Operating System MCQs)
निम्न में से फ्रीवेयर कोनसा है ?

UNIX

Google

MS Office

Libre Office

11 / 30

Which of the following is responsible for managing the input and output operations in an operating system?
निम्नलिखित में से कौन एक ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम में इनपुट और आउटपुट संचालन के प्रबंधन के लिए जिम्मेदार है?

File System

Kernel

Device Drivers

12 / 30

The collection of related files is called
सम्बन्धित फाइलों के संग्रह को ...... कहते हैं।

None of these

Data

Registers

Database

13 / 30

What is the purpose of virtual memory in an operating system?
किसी ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम में वर्चुअल मेमोरी का उद्देश्य क्या है?

It provides security to the system.

It enables the system to execute processes larger than the available

It increases the RAM capacity.

14 / 30

Which of the following is a characteristic of a real-time operating system?
निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा रियल-टाइम ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम की विशेषता है?

Slow context switching

Predictable response time

Low predictability

15 / 30

Where do the time and date appear on the desktop? (Important Operating System MCQs)
डेस्कटॉप पर समय और दिनांक कहा दिखाई देता है ?

Task Bar

Title Bar

Status Bar

My Computer

16 / 30

Which of the following is an internal command ? (Important Operating System MCQs)
निम्न में से कोनसा आंतरिक कमांड है ?

Both A and B

Ver

Dir

Edit

17 / 30

What is the shortcut key to pop up shutdown option in the Windows operating system?
Windows ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम में shut down विकल्प पॉप-अप करने की शार्टकट key क्या होती है ?

Win + F4

Ctrl + F4

Ctrl + Shift + F4

Alt + F4

18 / 30

What is the primary function of an operating system?
ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम का प्राथमिक कार्य क्या है?

Create documents

Manage hardware resources

Process data

19 / 30

Which shortcut key is used to move one program to another ? (Important Operating System MCQs)
एक प्रोग्राम से दूसरे प्रोग्राम पर जाने की shortcut key क्या होती है ?

Ctrl + Shift

Alt + Tab

Alt + Shift

Ctrl + Tab

20 / 30

Which of the following is a proprietary operating system?
निम्नलिखित में से कौन-सा एक प्रोपराइटरी ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम है?

Ubuntu

React Operating System

Free BSD

Windows 7

21 / 30

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a distributed operating system?
निम्नलिखित में से कौन सी वितरित ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम की विशेषता नहीं है?

Monolithic architecture

Scalability

Concurrency

22 / 30

Which command is used to copy files ?
कोनसा कमांड फाइल कॉपी करने के लिए उपयोग होता है ?

Copy command

Disk copy

All of the above

Ctrl + C

23 / 30

What is the purpose of the file system in an operating system?
किसी ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम में फ़ाइल सिस्टम का उद्देश्य क्या है?

To manage the CPU scheduling

To manage the files and directories

To manage the network connections

24 / 30

What is the purpose of a semaphore in an operating system?
किसी ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम में सेमाफोर का उद्देश्य क्या है?

To manage memory allocation

To manage file permissions

To synchronize processes

25 / 30

Screen that comes on when you turn on your computer that shows all the icons is called
कम्प्यूटर के आरम्भ होने पर सभी आइकन्स को दिखाने वाली स्क्रीन ............................ कहते हैं।

Smurfs

Desktop

Carl

Spreadsheet

26 / 30

What is kernel?
कर्नल क्या होता है ?

An Important Center for Linux and Unix

All of these

Graphics Interface of Operating System

Chip has a store

27 / 30

What is done with the help of a folder?
फोल्डर के द्वारा आप क्या कर सकते हैं?

It ensures correct working of computer

Name files

Organize files on disk

Create a table of files

28 / 30

What is the latest Windows OS? (Important Operating System MCQs)
Latest विंडोज ओ एस कोनसा है ?

Windows 10

Windows 2000

Windows 11

Windows 8.1

29 / 30

Which of the following is not an example of an operating system?
निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम का उदाहरण नहीं है?

Microsoft Office

macOS

Windows

30 / 30

What is the role of the kernel in an operating system?
किसी ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम में कर्नेल की क्या भूमिका है?

It compiles the source code into machine code.

It is the core of the operating system that manages tasks.

It provides the user interface for the operating system.

Your score is

The average score is 60%

Introduction

A well-liked open-source Linux operating system with a user-friendly interface, stability, and a large user base is called Ubuntu. Ubuntu, created and maintained by Canonical Ltd., aims to give users everywhere a free and open computing environment. Its name derives from the African philosophy “Ubuntu,” which places a strong emphasis on the importance of inter connectivity and compassion for others. Because it comes with so much per-installed applications, Ubuntu is a great option for both new and seasoned users. Ubuntu continues to be a significant role in the Linux ecosystem, powering desktops, servers, and numerous other devices all around the world with frequent upgrades and long-term maintenance releases.

Objectives

The goals of Ubuntu are: convergence, performance optimisation, language support, community-driven, open-source, stable, frequent releases, security updates, and configurable software. aims for accessibility, a worldwide audience, and promotes teamwork. aims to offer a unified user experience across devices.

Features of Ubuntu

1. An intuitive interface
2. Dependability and Stability
3. Huge Software Library
4. Consistent Updates
5. Releases with Long-Term Support (LTS)

Downloading Ubuntu

To download Ubuntu follow the given steps :

To download Ubuntu, go to the URL that is given below.
On this page, there is an option to download the older version of Ubuntu if required.
Go to past releases link. It then presents a page with all the past releases of the Ubuntu software.

Installing Ubuntu

Sure! In order to install Ubuntu, follow these simple steps:

Download Ubuntu first Visit the Ubuntu website’s official page and download the desired version.
build Bookable Media Burn the ISO file to a DVD or build a bookable USB drive using a programmer like Rufus or Lubavitcher.
Boot from Bookable Media Restart your computer after inserting the bookable USB device or DVD.
When the Ubuntu installation screen displays, choose the language of your choice.
Install Ubuntu Click “Install Ubuntu” and adhere to the prompts on the screen.
Connect to Network If necessary, connect to Ethernet or Wi-Fi throughout the installation.
Partitioning is an optional step. Either let Ubuntu manage partitions or install Ubuntu alongside another operating system.
Create a username and password for your Ubuntu account in step eight.
Start Installation Verify your selections and begin the installation procedure.
Full Installation Remove the bookable DVD after the installation is complete, then restart your computer.
You have now successfully installed Ubuntu on your computer, and you can use it to explore new features.

Installing Software

following five steps will let you install software on Ubuntu:

Launch the Ubuntu software Open “Ubuntu Software” by selecting “Show Applications” from the desktop, then doing a search for it.
Search for programmer To find the programmer you wish to install, use the search field in Ubuntu Software.
Select Install. After selecting the programme you wish to install, click the “Install” option.
Authenticate When requested to authenticate the installation, provide your user password.
Waiting for Installation: The programme will be downloaded and installed by Ubuntu Software. You can locate and utilize the newly installed software from the Applications menu after the installation is finished.

Updates

Updates are periodic software releases provided by developers to improve, fix bugs, and enhance security in an application or operating system. Regularly installing updates is essential to ensure optimal performance and protect against vulnerabilities, ensuring a smooth and secure user experience.

File and Folders

To open the file explorer in Ubuntu, click on the files option in the software launcher. The files icon is encircled that is as follows :

Creating a Folder

To create a folder follow these steps :

To create a folder, choose a location where the folder needs to be created.
Then right click and choose the option of new folder.
Provide a name for the folder accordingly.

Renameing a Folder

To rename a folder follow these steps :

To rename a folder, right click on the folder which needs to be renamed.
Right click and click on the rename option from the content menu.
Provide a new name of the folder accordingly.

Seeing the Properties of a file

To see the properties of a file, right click on the file and click on properties option from the context menu. Using the option, we can view the properties of the file and modify the permission of the files accordingly as shown in the following window.