Introduction of Internet and WWW
Introduction
The internet connected billions of devices globally and revolutionised international communication. It’s a huge network of linked computers that exchange information. The World Wide Web (WWW), which makes information and services easily accessible to everyone, further altered the internet by offering user-friendly access to webpages, links, and multimedia content.
Basics of Computer Network
The network is divided on different bases. The main types of them are as follows :
| 1. Based on Transmission Media | Wide Network and Wireless Network |
| 2. Based on Size of Network | LAN, WAN, MAN |
| 3. Based on Management | Peer-to-peer and Clint - Server Network |
| 4. Based on Connectivity | Peer-to-peer and Clint - Server Network |
Local area Network, LAN
In order to share data and provide access to resources, connected computers and other devices form a Local Area Network (LAN) in a specific location, such as a campus, workplace, or house.
Advantages of LAN
- The communication quality is better in LAN.
- A LAN usually has low cost, installation, expansion and maintenance.
- You can use different topology mainly bus and ring in LAN.
- In LAN you can run the multiple devices to share a transmission medium.
Metropolitan area Network, MAN
A Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) is a network that connects numerous LANs and covers a broader geographic area, usually a city or metropolitan area, allowing for effective data exchange and communication.
Advantages of MAN
- The bandwidth of the connecting links, that means resources shared on the Network can be accessed extremely quikly
- Some installation allow multiple users to share the same high speed internet connection.
Wide area Network, WAN
A wide area network (WAN) is a network that connects several local area networks (LANs) or metropolitan area networks (MANs) over vast distances, frequently spanning cities, nations, or even continents, to enable data transmission over a large region.
Advantages of WAN
1. Broad geographic coverage: WANs link far-off places, enabling businesses to interact and share resources across vast territories.
2. Sharing of resources and centralised data: WANs allow for centralised access to data, applications, and resources, which encourages effective resource use.
3. Improved collaboration: WANs make it easy for teams that are spread out geographically to share data and communicate, which promotes better cooperation and production.
Network Topology
The configuration of the connections and devices in a computer network is referred to as network topology. It outlines the connections between devices and the network’s data flow. Typical network topologies consist of:
1. Bus Topology: A central cable (bus) connects all devices. Each device receives and processes the data intended for it as it passes along the cable.
2. A star topology is used, in which every device is linked to a single hub or switch. The hub is a conduit through which data is transmitted and devices are connected.
3. Ring Topology: In a closed loop of connected devices, data only flows in one direction. Each device in the loop gets data and transfers it to the following device.
4. Mesh Topology: By connecting every device in the network to every other device, numerous redundant pathways for data transmission are created, increasing reliability.
5. Tree Topology: Devices are placed in a hierarchy, resembling a tree, with many branches attaching to a central stem. The advantages of bus and star topologies are combined.
Internet
The internet is a vast network of servers and computers that connect to one another to enable communication and information sharing. Through browsers, email, social media, and other channels, consumers can access a wide range of websites, services, and information. It has changed contemporary culture and facilitated global communication.
Concept of Internet and WWW
The internet is a sizable network of linked computers and servers that allows for cross-border communication and information exchange. The World Wide Web (WWW) and other services are supported by it as the infrastructure. The World Wide Web (WWW) is a collection of multimedia web pages and services that are available via web browsers and allow users to access information, move across hyperlinks, and interact with content on the internet. The WWW is supported by the internet, which is available to billions of users worldwide.
Applications of Internet
1. Communication: Enabling video conferencing, email, and instant messaging for worldwide connectivity.
2. Information Access: Making websites and search engines accessible to a wealth of information and resources.
3. E-commerce: The facilitation of electronic transactions for the purchase of products and services.
4. Social media: promoting social interactions and bringing people together through websites like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.
5. Online entertainment: Providing gaming, multimedia content, and streaming services for fun and relaxation.
Website Address and URL
When describing the location of a specific web page or resource on the internet, the phrases “website address” and “URL” (Uniform Resource Locator) are sometimes used interchangeably.
Website Address: The phrase “website address” refers more broadly to the address of a website on the internet. It normally starts with the website’s domain name and ends with a top-level domain (TLD), such as.com,.org, or.net. The website address “www.example.com” is an illustration.
A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is a particular kind of website address that identifies the precise location of a website page or other online resource. It contains the domain name, the protocol (such as “http://” or “https://”), and any additional path or parameters that specify the particular
Introduction of IP Address
An IP address, also known as an Internet Protocol address, is a special numerical designation given to each connected device to a computer network that makes use of the Internet Protocol. It acts as the device’s identification number and enables precise data routing to and from the device within a network or over the internet. Because they enable devices to find and communicate with one another, IP addresses are crucial for the internet’s connectivity and efficient data transfer.
ISP and Role of ISP
1. An Internet Service Provider (ISP) is a business or organisation that gives customers access to the internet and related services.
2. ISP offers a range of internet connections to connect consumers to the internet, including broadband, DSL, and wireless.
3. To identify devices on the internet and facilitate data exchange, ISPs assign special IP addresses.
4. They control and distribute bandwidth, setting the capacity and speed of data transport for each user.
5. To shield users from online dangers, ISPs provide customer service, handle technical issues, and put security measures in place.
Internet Protocol
A set of guidelines known as Internet Protocol (IP) controls the format and transmission of data packets through computer networks, including the internet. It specifies how information is divided into little packets, each of which has a source and a destination address. By ensuring that these packets are reliably routed across networks, IP enables standardized device communication and information exchange over the internet. IPv4 and IPv6 are the two primary IP versions in use today.
Modern of Connecting Internet (Hotspot, Wi-Fi, LAN Cable, Broadband, USB Tethering)
Various contemporary ways to access the internet include:
1. Hotspot: Creating a Wi-Fi hotspot using a smartphone or mobile device with a data plan to let other devices connect to the internet using the phone’s cellular data.
2. Wi-Fi: The process of joining a wireless local area network (Wi-Fi), which offers internet access via wireless routers, in a home, business, café, or other public place.
3. LAN Cable: Using an Ethernet cable to connect a device directly to a router or modem for a steady, high-speed internet connection (e.g., a computer, a gaming console).
4. Broadband: Using a cable, DSL (Digital Subscriber Line), or fiber-optic connection to connect to the internet at a fast speed.
5. USB Tethering: Using a USB connection to connect a mobile device to a computer and utilising the
Identifying and uses of IP/ MAC/ IMEI of Various Devices
A distinctive numerical identification known as an IP (Internet Protocol) address is given to each device connected to a network and enables internet-based communication between linked devices.
– Uses: Aids in data routing, makes it possible to communicate online, and locates the device online. used for networking, remote access, and internet activities.
A distinctive hardware address given to the network interface card of a device is known as a MAC (Media Access Control) address. It is globally unique and has been hardcoded by the manufacturer.
– Applications: Ethernet or Wi-Fi connections are used for local network communication. For devices to interact among themselves on the same local area network (LAN), MAC addresses are necessary.
Mobile phones and various other cellular devices are given the 15-digit IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) identification number.
– Uses: Aids in locating and verifying the identity of mobile devices using a cellular network. utilised for network security, device tracking, and banning of stolen devices.
Popular Web Browsers (Internet Explorer / Edge, Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Opera etc.)
Some well-known web browsers as of my most recent update in September 2021 include:
1. Google Chrome: Popular for its quickness, ease of use, and large extension ecosystem. Google developed the.
2. Mozilla Firefox: An open-source web browser with a strong emphasis on security, personalization, and privacy.
3. Microsoft Edge: based on Chromium and created by Microsoft, Edge is the replacement for Internet Explorer.
4. Apple Safari: Known for its compatibility with iOS and macOS, Apple Safari is the default online browser for Apple devices.
5. Opera: Popular for its quickness, integrated functions, and customizability options.
Exploring the Internet
Web browsing for information, social media interactions, online shopping, streaming entertainment, e-learning, virtual tours, gaming, and connecting globally are all possibilities as you explore the internet. For a satisfying and secure online experience, practise internet safety awareness and double-check your information sources.
Surfing the Web
Using a web browser to explore and navigate the internet is referred to as “surfing the web.” Users can access online material, browse other websites, conduct searches, and interact with multimedia resources including videos, photographs, and articles. Users dive into many themes, platforms, and online experiences, like riding informational waves.
Popular Search Engine
Some well-known search engines as of my most recent update in September 2021 include:
1. Google: The most popular search engine, with a sizable database of web pages and strong search algorithms.
2. Bing: Created by Microsoft, Bing provides a variety of search options, including web, picture, and video searches.
3. Yahoo: Offers news, email, and other web services in addition to search functions.
4. Baidu: A well-known search engine in China that provides services in Chinese.
5. Yandex: A well-known Russian search engine that offers web search and other services.
6. DuckDuckGo: With a privacy-focused approach, DuckDuckGo does not collect user information to provide personalised results.
7. Ask.com: Provides search options and inquiries with natural language responses.
Searching on Internet
To search an information the following steps will be followed :
- Go to the homepage of the search engine.
- A text box will appear on the search engine’s home page.
- In this text box type, the word you want to search about.
- Then click on the search, which will display the list of website related to that word.
- Click on the link of website you want to open, from which that website will open.
Downloading Web pages
The act of preserving web page content on a local device, like a computer or smartphone, is referred to as “downloading” web pages. Web pages can be downloaded by users for a variety of purposes, including offline reading, information archiving, and access to content when an internet connection is not available. There are several ways to download web pages, including utilising browser add-ons, web scraping software, or just the built-in “Save Page” feature of the browser. When downloading and using web page content for personal use, it is crucial to abide with copyright laws and terms of service.
Printing Web pages
Users can make physical copies of the information they find on websites by printing web pages. Generally speaking, do the following to print a web page:
1. In your web browser, open the website you wish to print.
2. In the top-right corner of the browser window, select the three dots menu (or another browser-specific menu).
3. Either choose “Print” from the menu or press the keyboard shortcut (Ctrl + P on a PC or Command + P on a Mac).
4. A print dialogue box with options for changing the paper size, orientation, and quantity of copies will show up.
5. To begin printing the website, click the “Print” option.
