Introduction Of Operating System

CCC chapters

important point

A computer is an electronic device that processes data using a set of instructions.
It comprises components like CPU, memory, storage, input, and output devices.
Software includes operating systems and applications.
The operating system manages hardware and provides services to software.
Computers have evolved through generations, from vacuum tubes to microprocessors.
Types include supercomputers, mainframes, minicomputers, and personal computers.
Networking allows computers to share resources and communicate.
The internet is a global network of interconnected computers.
Computers are integral to industries like healthcare, education, finance, etc.
Emerging technologies like quantum computing and AI are shaping the future.

Test your learning

Operating System

1 / 30

If the time and date of the computer are wrong, then by using which of the following can you reset it?
यदि computer का time और date गलत है, तो निम्न में से किस विकल्प का उपयोग करके इसे रिसेट कर सकते है ?

Write File

Calendar

Control Panel

Write

2 / 30

Which of the following is responsible for managing the computer's memory?
निम्नलिखित में से कौन कंप्यूटर की मेमोरी को प्रबंधित करने के लिए जिम्मेदार है?

RAM

ROM

Operating System

3 / 30

The language that the computer can understand and execute is called
वह भाषा जिसे कम्प्यूटर समझ और निष्यादित कर सकता है उसे कहा जाता है

Machine Language

Application Software

None of these

System program

4 / 30

What is the purpose of an interrupt in an operating system?
किसी ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम में रुकावट का उद्देश्य क्या है?

To synchronize multiple processes

To signal the occurrence of an event that needs immediate attention

To enhance the security of the system

5 / 30

What is the purpose of a shell in an operating system?
किसी ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम में शेल का उद्देश्य क्या है?

To manage the file system

To provide a user interface

To allocate memory

6 / 30

What is the purpose of the BIOS in a computer system?
कंप्यूटर सिस्टम में BIOS का उद्देश्य क्या है?

To load the operating system into the memory

To manage the user interface

To handle CPU scheduling

7 / 30

How can an application on desktop run?
डेस्कटॉप पर उपलब्ध एक एप्लीकेशन को किस विकल्प के द्वारा चलाया जा सकता है?

Pressing enter key after selecting the icon

Select open after right click

All of the above

Double clicking on its shortcut

8 / 30

Name of the browser present with Windows – 10? (Important Operating System MCQs)
Windows 10 के साथ मौजूद ब्राउज़र का नाम क्या है ?

Mozilla

Microsoft Edge

Internet Explore

Google Chrome

9 / 30

Which type of operating system allows multiple users to access a computer system simultaneously?
किस प्रकार का ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम एकाधिक उपयोगकर्ताओं को एक साथ कंप्यूटर सिस्टम तक पहुंचने की अनुमति देता है?

Real-time operating system

Multi-tasking operating system

Multi-user operating system

10 / 30

What is the shortcut key to pop up shutdown option in the Windows operating system?
Windows ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम में shut down विकल्प पॉप-अप करने की शार्टकट key क्या होती है ?

Ctrl + F4

Win + F4

Ctrl + Shift + F4

Alt + F4

11 / 30

What is the purpose of virtual memory in an operating system?
किसी ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम में वर्चुअल मेमोरी का उद्देश्य क्या है?

It enables the system to execute processes larger than the available

It increases the RAM capacity.

It provides security to the system.

12 / 30

The top most bar of every windows application is
प्रत्येक विण्डोज एप्लीकेशन में सबसे ऊपर कौन-सा बार होता है?

Menu bar

Tool bar

Title bar

Status bar

13 / 30

Which of the following is not an example of an operating system?
निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम का उदाहरण नहीं है?

Microsoft Office

Windows

macOS

14 / 30

Which of the following is freeware ? (Important Operating System MCQs)
निम्न में से फ्रीवेयर कोनसा है ?

Libre Office

MS Office

UNIX

Google

15 / 30

Which image shows on the desktop of Windows is called? (Important Operating System MCQs)
Windows के डेस्कटॉप पर जो इमेज दिखाई देती है, उसे क्या कहते है ?

Desktop Image

Wallpaper

Main Image

Windows Image

16 / 30

In Linux a user can load or upload
लिनक्स में एक यूजर लोड या अपलोड कर सकता है

Input/Output Devices

File Base Input/Output

Input/Output Modules

Kernel Modules

17 / 30

Screen that comes on when you turn on your computer that shows all the icons is called
कम्प्यूटर के आरम्भ होने पर सभी आइकन्स को दिखाने वाली स्क्रीन ............................ कहते हैं।

Desktop

Spreadsheet

Smurfs

Carl

18 / 30

OS does not boot itself when a system is :-
सिस्टम के__________ होने पर OS स्वतः बूट नहीं होता है –

Reset

Shut Down

Powered On

Restarted

19 / 30

Shortcut to open start menu is
स्टार्ट मेन्यू को खोलने का शॉर्टकट है

Window logo + M

Window logo + @

Window logo + F

Window logo

20 / 30

What is the purpose of the file system in an operating system?
किसी ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम में फ़ाइल सिस्टम का उद्देश्य क्या है?

To manage the network connections

To manage the files and directories

To manage the CPU scheduling

21 / 30

Which among the following is responsible for finding and loading operating system Into RAM?
निम्न में से कौन ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम को रैम में सर्च एवं लोड करने के लिए उत्तरदायी है?

DMOS

CMOS

Bootstrap Loader

BIOS

22 / 30

GUI stands for
जीयूआई का पूर्ण रूप है

Graphical Useful Interface

Graphical User Interface

Graphical User Interpreter

Group User Interface

23 / 30

What is the role of a device driver in an operating system?
किसी ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम में डिवाइस ड्राइवर की क्या भूमिका होती है?

It manages the hardware components.

It provides a graphical user interface.

24 / 30

Right clicking on windows desktop
विण्डोज डेस्कटॉप पर राइट क्लिक करने से

Control panel opens

Context sensitive menu is seen

Will open properties dialog box

All the open application minimizes

25 / 30

Which of the following is an example of an open-source operating system?
निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा ओपन-सोर्स ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम का उदाहरण है?

Windows

Linux

MacOS

26 / 30

Operating system manages ? (Important Operating System MCQs)
ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम प्रबंध करता है ?

Processor

I/O Devices

Memory

All of these

27 / 30

Windows 10 has ......... different editions.
विण्डोज 10 के भिन्न संस्करण हैं।

28 / 30

Which shortcut key is used to open the start menu in the Windows operating system?
विंडोज ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम में स्टार्ट मेनू को open करने की short cut key निम्न में से क्या है ?

Press Window Key

Ctrl + Esc

Both A and B

None

29 / 30

Linux Kernel was invented by
लिनक्स कर्नल द्वारा अविष्कार किया गया था –

Linux Pauling

None

Linux Van Pelt

Linux Torvalda

30 / 30

Which of the following is not based on UNIX?
इनमें से कोनसा UNIX आधारित नहीं है ?

Fedora

None

MacOS

MS DOS

Your score is

The average score is 60%

Operating System

An operating system (OS) is software that controls computer hardware and software resources. it provides an interface between users and devices. It provides a base for applications to run. It controls memory and file systems, and provides communication between software and hardware devices, allowing fast computing activities.

Functions Of Operating System

Process Management

planning and performing activities or programs for the effective use of CPU resources.
Memory Management

The process of providing and non-providing memory for tasks in order to memory use.
File System Administration

Structure and access to folders and files on storage devices.
Device Management

Controlling and connecting with physical devices like printers and keyboards.
User Interface

Allowing users to connect with the computer system with graphical or command line applications.

Types Of Operating System

There are many different kinds of operating systems. Here are some examples:

Single-User, Single-Tasking OS

OS allows a single user to do a single job at a time without any need for multitasking. Users do actions in sequence, as was common in MS-DOS.
Single-User, Multi-Tasking OS

A single user performs things sequentially instead of multitasking. This is how early operating systems, such as MS-DOS, functioned.
Multi-User, Single-Tasking OS

tasks run sequentially instead of multitasking. This was how early operating systems, such as MS-DOS, functioned.
Real-Time Operating System

A Real-Time Operating System has been created for time-sensitive applications that demand quick response to events. Performance with low latency is commonly used in industrial control, machines, and aerospace.
Distributed operating system

Distributed operating systems function as a single system on computers that are connected, providing resource sharing, load balancing, fault tolerance, and growth. Examples are Amoeba and distributed UNIX.

Operating System For Desktop & Laptop

Windows

Microsoft developed the Windows operating system, which is a popular platform known for its simple design and vast hardware and software support. With various versions suited to various user needs, Windows provides a comfortable computer environment for both home and business use.
macOS

The operating system macOS, developed by Apple Inc., is famous for its attractive design, ease of use with Apple products, and focus on the user experience. Known for stability and effectiveness, macOS provides a wide range of creative and productivity abilities suited for beginners as well as professionals.and use in business.
Linux

Linux, which is famous for its ease of use, consistency, and security, provides a flexible environment that is perfect for developers, and companies. Linux gives users freedom to a wide collection of free and open-source software, and their active community gives innovation in the software field.
Chrome OS

Google developed Chrome OS, which is a lightweight operating system designed mainly for Chromebook devices. It relies on the Chrome browser, which gives users a safe working environment that focuses on online apps and services. Chrome OS, which is well-known for its simplicity and speed, is perfect for businesses, educational institutions, and casual customers because of its fast boot times and automatic updates.
MS-DOS

In the 1980s and early 1990s, personal computers worked on the Microsoft Disk Operating System, or MS-DOS as it was commonly known for its command-line interface, MS-DOS gave users text-based commands that directly managed the activities of the system. For early PC users, its ease of use made it a popular option for managing files, running programs, and managing the hardware.
UBUNTU

Ubuntu is a famous Linux OS that is known for its open-source values, community-driven development, and user-friendly interface. It gives an easy workflow for beginners as well as experts with its flexible desktop, server, and cloud computing modes.

Operating System For Mobile & Tablets

Android

Google developed the Android mobile operating system that operates a wide range of smartphones, tablets, and other devices. It gives users an easy-to-use interface, fast service and the ability to download millions of apps from the Google Play Store.
iOS

Apple Inc. created the advanced mobile operating system known as iOS. Running on a wide range of devices, like iPod Touches, iPads, and iPhones, it gives users a fluid and simple display. iOS, which is well-known for its slim design and strong security features, gives a solid base for a wide range of services and mobile apps, meeting the differing requirements of people all over the world.
HarmonyOS

Huawei created the Harmony OS operating system, which aims to provide an easy and integrated experience on a wide range of devices, like tablets, smartphones, smart TVs, wearables, and Internet of Things devices. It tries to improve productivity and connectivity by giving users a clean and consistent view on all devices.
Blackberry OS

For its range of handsets, BlackBerry Limited (previously Research In Motion) created a special mobile operating system known as BlackBerry OS. BlackBerry OS gave users a safe environment for email, messaging, and productivity tasks. It was well-known for its strong security features and effective communication skills. Business leaders and managers loved BlackBerry OS devices for their enterprise-grade security and familiar physical keyboards and simple UX
KaiOS

In the 1980s and early 1990s, personal computers worked on the Microsoft Disk Operating System, or MS-DOS as it was commonly known for its command-line interface, MS-DOS gave users text-based commands that directly managed the activities of the system. For early PC users, its ease of use made it a popular option for managing files, running programs, and managing the hardware.

User Interface of windows 10

A user interface is like a bridge between people and computers. It’s what you see and interact with on a screen when using apps or websites. It includes buttons, menus, and other elements that help you control and communicate with the device or software.

Desktop

The desktop screen appears as the primary interface with which users may access their shortcuts, folders, and programs. It has a simple and simple structure that allows you create the desktop wallpaper with your favorite photos or colors. Users may also easily arrange and manage their digital workspace, which simplifies computer navigation and use.

The taskbar

The taskbar is a useful value that appears at the bottom of the screen. It has icons for your commonly used apps, a search box for fast file research, and the Start menu for fast access to all of your apps. The time, date, and alerts can be seen in the notification box on the right side. This feature helps performance by making it simple for you to jump between tasks and by having necessary tools close at reach.

Icons and Shortcuts

Icons on the desktop of a computer are graphical representations of files, folders, and applications. Icons function as symbols for simple identification.

Shortcuts work as links for quick access to files or applications. Users can interact with icons by clicking, dragging or organizing them for better navigation and job performance.

Start Menu

The Start Menu, which generally appears at the bottom-left corner of the screen, gives users an easy method to get over their computer and quickly open apps. By organizing shortcuts, pinning commonly used apps, and getting access to system features like power and settings, users can modify the Start Menu. The Start Menu’s user-friendly design and features have made it an important component of the Windows user interface, providing easy and smooth interaction with the operating system.

File Explorer

Quick Access : To find files and folders quickly for effective file management.
My PC: The “My PC” section of File Explorer gives you easy access to your local discs, folders, and storage devices.
Layout : For easy and fast access to your most used navigational options and tools and to arrange your files in a way that’s ideal for you, customize the File Explorer layout.
FIle Property : For more details, view and edit file properties in File Explorer, like size, type, and formation.
Zip File : With File Explorer’s inbuilt zip file support, you can easily and quickly decompress and compress information for efficient file storage and transfer.
Sort File : To allow for easier structure and faster access in File Explorer, sort files and folders alphabetically or based on other criteria.

windows In-built applications

MS Paint

Windows operating systems have included Paint, a simple yet helpful graphics editing use, for many years. Accessible to users of all skill levels, from beginner to expert artists, is the easy-to-use interface and set of tools.

Steps to open MS Paint

STEP 1

Go to the Start button .

STEP 2

Click on the search bar and write MS Paint.

STEP 3

Now click on the MS Paint.

STEP 4

MS Paint is ready to work.

NOTEPAD

Windows operating systems pre-install Notepad, a simple just useful text editor. It is easy to use for writing short notes, creating short documents, and editing various types of text files(.txt) because of its simplicity.

Steps to open Notepad

STEP 1

Go to the Start button .

STEP 2

Click on the search bar and write Notepad.

STEP 3

Now click on Notepad.

STEP 4

Notepad is ready to work.

WORDPAD

Windows operating systems provide a lightweight word processing application called WordPad. It gives users an easy-to-use text writing and editing facility without the complex function of more feature-rich tools like Microsoft Word.

Steps to open Wordpad

STEP 1

Go to the Start button .

STEP 2

Click on the search bar and write WORDPAD.

STEP 3

Now click on the "wordpad".

STEP 4

Wordpad is ready to work.

How to install Applicatications

Chrome

STEP 1

Download

Go to the link and tap on the Download button.

STEP 2

Open

Open the chromesetup.exe file from chrome downloads.

STEP 3

Allow

If prompted click "install anyway" and after click "yes".

STEP 4

Install

Wait for installation to finish.It will automatically open .

Ubuntu

STEP 1

Download

Go to the link and tap on the Download button.

STEP 1

Phase - II

Click on the marked area.

STEP 1

Download

Go to the link and tap on the Download button.

STEP 1

Download

Go to the link and tap on the Download button.

Types Of File Extension

File extensions are used to identify the type or format of a file on an operating system. They are often represented as a dot followed by a few letters, such as “.txt” for text files. Different file extensions are supported by various operating systems. Here are some typical file extensions found on various operating systems.

Text Files

Spreadsheets

Presentation

Image

Audio

Video

Compressed files

Executable Files

Web Related